How Do DNA Mutations Affect Evolution

A mutation is defined as any change in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence of an organism. These changes may happen spontaneously if there is a mistake when copying the DNA, or if the DNA sequence comes into contact with some sort of mutagen. Mutagens can be anything from x-ray radiation to chemicals.    Mutation Effects and Factors The overall effect a mutation will have on the individual depends on a few things. In fact, it could have one of three outcomes. It could be a positive change, it could impact the individual negatively, or it can have no effect at all. The harmful mutations are called deleterious and may cause serious problems. Deleterious mutations may be a form of the gene that is selected against by natural selection, causing the individual trouble as it tries to survive in its environment. Mutations with no effect are called neutral mutations. These either happen in a part of the DNA that is not transcribed or translated into proteins, or it is possible the change occurs in a redundant sequence of DNA. Most amino acids, which are coded for by the DNA, have several different sequences that code for them. If the mutation happens in one nucleotide base pair that still codes for that same amino acid, then it is a neutral mutation and will not affect the organism. Positive changes in the DNA sequence are called beneficial mutations. The code for a new structure or function that will help the organism in some way. When Mutations Are a Good Thing The interesting thing about mutations is that even if at first it is a deleterious mutation if the environment changes these normally harmful changes can become beneficial mutations. The opposite is true for beneficial mutations. Depending on the environment and how it changes, beneficial mutations may then become deleterious. Neutral mutations can also change to a different kind of mutation. Some changes in the environment necessitate the beginning of reading DNA sequences that were previously untouched and using the genes they code for.  This could then change a neutral mutation into either a deleterious or beneficial mutation. The deleterious and beneficial mutations will affect evolution. Deleterious mutations that are harmful to individuals will often cause them to die before they are able to reproduce and pass those traits down to their offspring. This will shrink the gene pool and traits will theoretically disappear over several generations. On the other hand, beneficial mutations could possibly cause new structures or functions to arise that help that individual to survive. Natural selection would rule in favor of these beneficial traits so they will be the characteristics passed down and available to the next generation.

How Disney Will Finance Their New Development - 1095 Words

Disney is trying to extend their business and planning to open a new Disneyland in Istanbul, Turkey. To develop a business one of the principle criteria is to get the best possible fund for it, without money it is impractical to obtain a business. In this report I am going to talk about how Disney will finance their new development. Firstly, we have to look at the sources of finance. There are two primary sources; internal sources and external source. Internal Sources means, these are wellsprings of fund that originate from the business advantages or activities. For example: Owners investment, sale of stocks, retained profits and debt collection. External Sources means, the credit which is coming from outside sources. There are so many†¦show more content†¦Because we need more sources, resources, investments and financial position to begin with a new Disneyland in Istanbul. As we all know Istanbul is a mega city which is bridging between Asia and Europe. In order to build a business in Istanbul we have to think big about this project and also we have to keep it in our mind that Disney is not a small investment project. According to the research we found out that in the last decade there was a boom in the profit level of Walt Disney Company. However, in last year The Walt Disney DIS 1.27% company reported that final quarter net pay of $2.2 Billion on offers of $10.7 billion. Net wages was up 11% over the same period a year ago, income for every offer was up 12% and the income was up 7% to $3.2 billion. (Forbes, 2014). So, to complete this amount of profits and Income Company has to invest a lot. Therefore, we can say that external source is more suitable in this situation. Sources like shares, leasing, hire purchase, mortgage, bank loan, trade credit and government grants. But for our specific expansion we better chose bank loans. There are lots of banks which is renowned and trustable also most reliable for source of finance. The proposal which we gave them they are most likely interested for expansion for Disney in Istanbul. The credit that organization will be conceded will be enormous and it will be much useful to the financial specialists and offer holders and they will be

Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex Free Essays

On December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This thrust America into World War II, and for the next four years it dominated nearly every aspect of American life [Bowles, 2011, 3. 7 The World at War (1941-1945)]. We will write a custom essay sample on Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex or any similar topic only for you Order Now This greatly impacted Americans and had a significant impact on African Americans during this time. Although the attack on Pearl Harbor was a devastating period of time, it was a great time for African Americans to assert their independence. They fought in the war, defending their country after how they were treated. They demanded being able to have jobs that were considered â€Å"whites only†. In my belief, they deserved these rights. African Americans were treated unfairly for years and did not have rights but yet still strived to fight for their country. There is no reason why they should not have been treated fairly, if not more like heroes for how brave and noble they were. According to Bowles, â€Å"While these men were willing to die for the country, they were not eligible for many of the honors for their service. Though many deserved it, no African American could receive the Medal of Honor, the highest military award for bravery (2011, African Americans at war). This brings me to the long term effects WWII had on our country. Bill Clinton awarded men their gold’s that they deserved 50 years too late. Only one of the men was alive to even receive it. The long term effect is the regret of letting the people who were most brave, die for our country and not receive an award just because of the color of his skin. References: Bowles, M. (2011). A history of the United States since 1865 . (Ashford University ed. ) San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. How to cite Defense Spending and the Military-Industrial Complex, Papers

Charles Manson Essay Example For Students

Charles Manson Essay Charles MansonCharles Manson. He and his cult, The Family, together killedseven people, bloodied and butchered. The people who he and others killed,the Tate and LaBianca families, were wealthy and well-off. What could havemade them do such a thing without pity or remorse? Read on..MANSON: The Man HimselfIn 1954, Manson set up a commune-based cult, drawing in hippies,drifters. and the unemployed at the Spahn Ranch, near Los Angeles. Mansonhad lovely ideas and his followers or Family regarded him as aChrist-like figure. They indulged in free love practices, pseudo religiousceremonies, and used drugs such as marijuana and LSD. The Black Panthers were a major black movement in the 1960s. Afterkilling a leader of this movement in self defence, Manson grew scared onthe promise of revenge from the Black Panthers. Scared, Manson ordered hisfollowers to practice guerrilla tactics and they did so, without question. Manson sad he taught love because in love there is no hatred, but JohnFlynn, a man who testified at his trial, testified to some veryincriminating admissions by Manson. Barbara Holt, a Family member, fledthe group before a raid. She later showed up as a prosecution witness, apotential danger to Manson, so faithful members of the Family tried tokill her with a hamburger laced with LSD. Before her testimony, anotherFamily member, Gary Hinman, who had also fled he group, was killedbecause he had betrayed the Family. As you can see, the punishment forcrossing the Family was severe. Manson makes claims to thirty-five murders. Although he was convictedfor others, there was not enough evidence to bring him to trial for thethirty five. THE MOTIVE BEHIND THE MANThe driving force behind Mansons killing was hard to prove and hardto believe. Manson had a plan in his head. When the Beatles firstreleased The White Album, it was a hit. Manson listened to it often. Hehad a great devotion to the Beatles, who he believed spoke to him acrossthe oceans in their lyrics and songs. Manson saw the 4 Beatles as the 4Angels that announced the ending of the world in the bible. (Armageddon)On The White Album there are two song titles containing theword revolution. These are Revolution 1 and Revolution 9. Mansonthought the Beatles were talking about a black/white revolution. The wordrise can be found in Revolution 9 and could be depicted as a predictionof a Black uprising. One song in particular, Helter Skelter seemedunexceptional to the normal ear, but was given a weird interpretation byManson. Man saw the Blacks as stupid and felt he had to show Blackie theway. His plan to kill seven wealthy white people and to blame it on theblacks would start his plan of a black/white revolution which he calledHelter Skelter. He attempted to frame the black people by writing Deathto Pigs in the victims own blood and carving the word war in thestomach of his victims. Manson denied allegations that this was the motivebehind the murders but many of Mansons followers said that Manson oftenspoke of this revolution, Helter Skelter.Another controversial song on the album was Sexy Sadie. It wasbelieved by Manson that the song foretold his murder trial when SusanAtkins made a crucial mistake on the witness stand. She made the Familyappear to be murderers of the seven butchered victims while Manson felt hewas convincing the jury of their innocence. Manson believed he foresaw thiseven before the trial. THE FOLLOWERS OF MANSON:THE FAMILYThe killers of the Tate and LaBianca families now serve life inprison. Four people, all part of the Family were convicted of thesemurders: Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Leslie Van Houten, and PatriciaKrenwinkle. It is interesting to see that most of the killers are women. .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .postImageUrl , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:hover , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:visited , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:active { border:0!important; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:active , .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815 .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7f49c8b95d569933524342686559815:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night Chapter 4(Poem) and Chaptr 8(Eulogy) EssayAnother woman, Linda Kasabian, who drove the killers to the murder scene,turned states evidence, and literally, got away with murder. CharlesWatson was another member of Mansons group and was a Texan citizen, so hewas tried under Texan Law. The others were tried in Los Angeles. He wasalso given life imprisonment. The trial, which lasted nine and one halfmonths, cost Los Angeles one million dollars. Many people have wondered how these so called normal people couldcommit such morbid crimes and show no signs of regret or remorse. Its issuggested that Manson used threats, guilt, and partial fear to seduce thesepeople into doing what he wanted. Mansons followers were devoted to him,doing whatever he wanted. They so much believed in him that they did notquestion what they were doing. THE MANSON HATE LISTCharles Manson is said to have kept a secret list of future targets,with graphic details of how he is going to deal with these people. Prisoners who have shared jail cells with members of the Family testifythat this was a frequent topic of conversation among them. All individualson the hate list were white (suggesting that Manson would blame the blacks)and the list seemed to deal with the rich and famous for whom Mansoninvented cruel tortures. Some examples: Frank Sinatra, skinned alive,Steve McQueen, boiled in oil, Doris Day, raped and impaled, Tom Jones,tongue cut off, Elizabeth Taylor, breasts cut off, Richard Burton,castrated, etc. THE MANSON LIFE AND TRIALA movie, entitled Manson was taped prior to the trial in LosAngeles. It was questioned if the movie gave an accurate portrayal of thelife of Manson, or if it made a mockery out of him. The informationpresented in the movie is considered to be a documentation of the life ofthe Manson Family. The film was taped prior to the trial and was orderedto be removed from public viewing because it was thought to be a possibleinfluence on the jurors. The Manson trial lasted nine and one half months and cost Los Angelestax payers one million dollars. Four people stood trial: Manson, PatriciaKrenwinkle, Leslie Van Houten, and Susan Atkins. They were all convicted offive murders altogether. There were two other people with them on thenight of the murders. Charles Watson was a texan citizen, and was deportedto Texas to be tried under Texan law. Linda Kasabian turned statesevidence and got away with murder. All particpants in the murders, withthe exception of Kasabian, were found guilty and were sentenced to death. This sentence was revoked and turned into life imprisionment. There wasgreat concern for the possibility of the popular image of martyrdom beingassigned to Manson and his Family.Manson used suggestion and passive hypnotism to make his followersanswer any command of his. People did unquestioning acts of any sort, evenmurder at his whim. He found the fear in people and enjoyed playing on it. Mansons followers frequently said, He reflects back to you what you wantto see. Manson himself said: You are using us fpr a scapegoat, trying tolook past Nixon, and past Vietnam. I am only what your world made me.Another quote of Mansons is: I hate the world I live in. By the age ofthirty, he had fifty convictions against him. Manson believed in free love and experimentation with drugs. Followersof Manson came from all over the globe. They believed they had to go tothe desert and bring along all the children they could convince to jointhe,. Children were not excluded from anything and this freedom appealedto may yound people. They could participate in free secual activities,experiment with drugs, or use guns and cars. Mansons ranch became a homefor runaways, people in trouble with they law, and hippires. Manson didnot like hippies, and he said they were just trying to be different andwere looking for trouble, hence the name he gave to them: slippies. Girlsin Mansons family made a ceremonial vest that tells the life of Mansonin thread. Bruce Davis, Mansons second in command, overdosed on LSD andwas mentally and physcially disabled. On August 11, 1972, police raidedthe ranch and arrested the killers for auto theft with the intention tolater convict them of the murders once they had firm evidence. .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .postImageUrl , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:hover , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:visited , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:active { border:0!important; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:active , .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3f336db4cad13813144956dc59a79ba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Madama Bovary ; Anna Karenina (1512 words) EssayThe motive was the strangest and most unbelievable thing that thepolice had to deal with. Manson saw the Beatles as prophets that describeda race war between the whites and blacks. Manson planned to start this warup by blaming the murders of members of black society. Only it didnt workout that way. Manson planned to hide in the desert until the war ended. Manson believed he would later have to take over because the blacks wereinexperience leaders. He called this plan Helter Skelter. The seven deaths the Family were convicted of were oriented aroundthe rich and famous. Sharon Tate, who was eight and a half moths pregnant,was hanged and her baby was cut out of her. She was the wife of moviedirector Roman Polanski. Abigail Folger was the heiress to the vast Folgerestate and was killed along with her lover Voityck Fryowski, a famouswriter. Jay Sebring was present at this gathering because he was a formerboyfriend of Tates. Biographies